CSS3 Gradients

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linear gradient

CSS3 gradients let you display smooth transitions between two or more specified colors.

Earlier, you had to use images for these effects. However, by using CSS3 gradients you can reduce download time and bandwidth usage. In addition, elements with gradients look better when zoomed, because the gradient is generated by the browser.

CSS3 defines two types of gradients:

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specify the first version that worked with a prefix.

Property
linear-gradient 10.0 26.0
10.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.6 -moz-		 6.1
5.1 -webkit-		 12.1
11.1 -o-
radial-gradient 10.0 26.0
10.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.6 -moz-		 6.1
5.1 -webkit-		 12.1
11.6 -o-
repeating-linear-gradient 10.0 26.0
10.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.6 -moz-		 6.1
5.1 -webkit-		 12.1
11.1 -o-
repeating-radial-gradient 10.0 26.0
10.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.6 -moz-		 6.1
5.1 -webkit-		 12.1
11.6 -o-

CSS3 linear Gradients

To create a linear gradient you must define at least two color stops. Color stops are the colors you want to render smooth transitions among. You can also set a starting point and a direction (or an angle) along with the gradient effect.

Example of linear Gradient:

linear gradient

Syntax

NOTE: It goes without saying that throughout these excercises you have been reminded of using the proper element blocks and HTML for the working examples ("Try-It Editor"), primarily for designating the different elements such as the style block, the division id and the actual HTML. Make sure that you enclose the styling elements in a style block and for this example in particular you will have to denote the division ID (#grad) and then actually write some content in order for the background attribute to be invoked.
background: linear-gradient(direction, color-stop1, color-stop2, ...);

linear Gradient - Top to Bottom (this is default)

The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at the top. It starts red, transitioning to blue:

Example

A linear gradient from top to bottom:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: linear-gradient(red, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

linear Gradient - Left to Right

The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts red, transitioning to blue:

Example

A linear gradient from left to right:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(right, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(right, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: linear-gradient(to right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

linear Gradient - Diagonal

You can make a gradient diagonally by specifying both the horizontal and vertical starting positions.

The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at top left (and goes to bottom right). It starts red, transitioning to blue:

Example

A linear gradient that starts at top left (and goes to bottom right):

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom right, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom right, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

Using Angles

If you want more control over the direction of the gradient, you can define an angle, instead of the predefined directions (to bottom, to top, to right, to left, to bottom right, etc.).

Syntax

background: linear-gradient(angle, color-stop1, color-stop2);

The angle is specified as an angle between a horizontal line and the gradient line, going counter-clockwise. In other words, 0deg creates a bottom to top gradient, while 90deg generates a left to right gradient.

The following example shows how to use angles on linear gradients:

Example

A linear gradient with a specified angle:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

Using Multiple Color Stops

The following example shows how to set multiple color stops:

Example

A linear gradient from top to bottom with multiple color stops:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

The following example shows how to create a linear gradient with the color of the rainbow and some text:

Example

#grad {
  /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue, indigo,violet);
  /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo, violet);
  /* For Fx 3.6 to 15 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue, indigo,violet);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: linear-gradient(to right, red,orange,yellow,green,blue, indigo,violet);
}
Try it yourself »

Using transparency

CSS3 gradients also support transparency, which can be used to create fading effects.

To add transparency, we use the rgba() function to define the color stops. The last parameter in the rgba() function can be a value from 0 to 1, and it defines the transparency of the color: 0 indicates full transparency, 1 indicates full color (no transparency).

The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts fully transparent, transitioning to full color red:

Example

A linear gradient from left to right, with transparency:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)) ; /*Safari 5.1-6*/
  background: -o-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Opera 11.1-12*/
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Fx 3.6-15*/
  background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,0,0,0), rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Standard*/
}
Try it yourself »

Repeating a linear-gradient

The repeating-linear-gradient() function is used to repeat linear gradients:

Example

A repeating linear gradient:

#grad {
  /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
  background: -o-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: -moz-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 Radial Gradients

A radial gradient is defined by its center.

To create a radial gradient you must also define at least two color stops.

Example of Radial Gradient:

Radial gradient

Syntax

background: radial-gradient(shape size at position, start-color, ..., last-color);

By default, shape is ellipse, size is farthest-corner, and position is center.

Radial Gradient - Evenly Spaced Color Stops (this is default)

Example

A radial gradient with evenly spaced color stops:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

Radial Gradient - Differently Spaced Color Stops

Example

A radial gradient with differently spaced color stops:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* Safari 5.1-6.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* For Opera 11.6-12.0 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* For Firefox 3.6-15 */
  background: radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

Set Shape

The shape parameter defines the shape. It can take the value circle or ellipse. The default value is ellipse.

Example

A radial gradient with the shape of a circle:

#grad {
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Safari */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »

Use of Different Size Keywords

The size parameter defines the size of the gradient. It can take four values:

Example

A radial gradient with different size keywords:

#grad1 {
  /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green, yellow,black);
  /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow, black);
  /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow, black);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: radial-gradient(closest-side at 60% 55%,blue,green,yellow, black);
}

#grad2 {
  /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green, yellow,black);
  /* Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow, black);
  /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green, yellow,black);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: radial-gradient(farthest-side at 60% 55%,blue,green,yellow, black);
}
Try it yourself »

Repeating a radial-gradient

The repeating-radial-gradient() function is used to repeat radial gradients:

Example

A repeating radial gradient:

#grad {
  /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
  background: -webkit-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
  background: -o-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
  background: -moz-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
}
Try it yourself »

 







CSS3 Shadow Effects

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With CSS3 you can create shadow effects!

CSS3 Shadow Effects

With CSS3 you can add shadow to text and to elements.

In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -webkit- or -moz- specifies the first version that worked with a prefix. 

Property
text-shadow 10.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 9.5
box-shadow 9.0 10.0
4.0 -webkit-		 4.0
3.5 -moz-		 5.1
3.1 -webkit-		 10.5

CSS3 Text Shadow

The CSS3 text-shadow property applies shadow to text.

In its simplest use, you only specify the horizontal shadow (2px) and the vertical shadow (2px):

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    text-shadow: 2px 2px;
}
Try it yourself »

Next, add a color to the shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    text-shadow: 2px 2px red;
}
Try it yourself »

Then, add a blur effect to the shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px red;
}
Try it yourself »

The following example shows a white text with black shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000;
}
Try it yourself »

The following example shows a red neon glow shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    text-shadow: 0 0 3px #FF0000;
}
Try it yourself »

Multiple Shadows

To add more than one shadow to the text, you can add a comma-separated list of shadows.

The following example shows a red and blue neon glow shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    text-shadow: 0 0 3px #FF0000, 0 0 5px #0000FF;
}
Try it yourself »

The following example shows a white text with black, blue, and darkblue shadow:

Text shadow effect!

Example

h1 {
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black, 0 0 25px blue, 0 0 5px darkblue;
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 box-shadow Property

The CSS3 box-shadow property applies shadow to elements.

In its simplest use, you only specify the horizontal shadow and the vertical shadow:

this is a yellow <div> element with a black box- shadow

Example

div {
    box-shadow: 10px 10px;
}
Try it yourself »

Next, add a color to the shadow:

this is a yellow <div> element with a grey box- shadow

Example

div {
    box-shadow: 10px 10px grey;
}
Try it yourself »

Next, add a blur effect to the shadow:

this is a yellow <div> element with a blurred, grey box-shadow

Example

div {
    box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px grey;
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 Shadow Properties

The following table lists the CSS3 shadow properties:

Property Description
box-shadow Adds one or more shadows to an element
text-shadow Adds one or more shadows to a text

 







CSS3 Text

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CSS3 Text

CSS3 contains several new text features.

In this chapter you will learn about the following text properties:

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -o- specify the first version that worked with a prefix.

Property
text-overflow 6.0 4.0 7.0 3.1 11.0
9.0 -o-
word-wrap 5.5 23.0 3.5 6.1 12.1
word-break 5.5 4.0 15.0 3.1 15.0

CSS3 Text Overflow

The CSS3 text-overflow property specifies how overflowed content that is not displayed should be signaled to the user.

It can be clipped:

this is some long text that will not fit in the box

or it can be rendered as an ellipsis (...):

this is some long text that will not fit in the box

The CSS code is as follows:

Example

p.test1 {
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 200px;
    border: 1px solid #000000;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: clip;
}

p.test2 {
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 200px;
    border: 1px solid #000000;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
Try it yourself »

The following example shows how you can display the overflowed content when hovering over the element:

Example

div.test:hover {
    text-overflow: inherit;
    overflow: visible;
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 Word Wrapping

The CSS3 word-wrap property allows long words to be able to be broken and wrap onto the next line. 

If a word is too long to fit within an area, it expands outside:

this paragraph contains a very long word: thisisaveryveryveryveryveryverylongword. The long word will break and wrap to the next line.

The word-wrap property allows you to force the text to wrap, even if it means splitting it in the middle of a word:

this paragraph contains a very long word: thisisaveryveryveryveryveryverylongword. The long word will break and wrap to the next line.

The CSS code is as follows:

Example

Allow long words to be able to be broken and wrap onto the next line:

p {
    word-wrap: break-word;
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 Word breaking

The CSS3 word-break property specifies line breaking rules.

this paragraph contains some text. this line will-break-at- hyphens.

this paragraph contains some text. The lines will break at any character.

The CSS code is as follows:

Example

p.test1 {
    word-break: keep-all;
}

p.test2 {
    word-break: break-all;
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 Text Properties

The following table lists the new CSS3 text properties:

Property Description
text-align-last Specifies how to align the last line of a text
text-emphasis A shorthand for setting text-emphasis-style and text-emphasis-color in one declaration
text-justify Specifies how justified text should be aligned and spaced
text-overflow Specifies how overflowed content that is not displayed should be signaled to the user
word-break Specifies line breaking rules for non-CJK scripts
word-wrap Allows long words to be able to be broken and wrap onto the next line

 







CSS3 Web Fonts

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CSS3 Web Fonts - the @font-face Rule

Web fonts allow Web designers to use fonts that are not installed on the user's computer.

When you have found/bought the font you wish to use, just include the font file on your web server, and it will be automatically downloaded to the user when needed.

Your "own" fonts are defined within the CSS3 @font-face rule.

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Property
@font-face 9.0 4.0 3.5 3.2 10.0

Different Font Formats

trueType Fonts (TTF)

trueType is a font standard developed in the late 1980s, by Apple and Microsoft. TrueType is the most common font format for both the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

OpenType Fonts (OTF)

OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. It was built on trueType, and is a registered trademark of Microsoft. OpenType fonts are used commonly today on the major computer platforms.

the Web Open Font Format (WOFF)

WOFF is a font format for use in web pages. It was developed in 2009, and is now a W3C Recommendation. WOFF is essentially OpenType or trueType with compression and additional metadata. The goal is to support font distribution from a server to a client over a network with bandwidth constraints.

the Web Open Font Format (WOFF 2.0)

trueType/OpenType font that provides better compression than WOFF 1.0.

SVG Fonts/Shapes

SVG fonts allow SVG to be used as glyphs when displaying text. The SVG 1.1 specification define a font module that allows the creation of fonts within an SVG document. You can also apply CSS to SVG documents, and the @font-face rule can be applied to text in SVG documents.

Embedded OpenType Fonts (EOT)

EOT fonts are a compact form of OpenType fonts designed by Microsoft for use as embedded fonts on web pages.

Browser Support for Font Formats

The numbers in the table specifies the first browser version that fully supports the font format.

Font format
TTF/OTF 9.0* 4.0 3.5 3.1 10.0
WOFF 9.0 5.0 3.6 5.1 11.1
WOFF2 Not Supported 36.0 35.0* Not Supported 26.0
SVG Not Supported 4.0 Not Supported 3.2 9.0
EOT 6.0 Not Supported Not Supported Not Supported Not Supported

*IE: the font format only works when set to be "installable".

*Firefox: Not supported by default, but can be enabled (need to set a flag to "true" to use WOFF2).

Using the Font You Want

In the CSS3 @font-face rule you must first define a name for the font (e.g. myFirstFont), and then point to the font file.

Note Tip: Always use lowercase letters for the font URL. Uppercase letters can give unexpected results in IE.

To use the font for an HTML element, refer to the name of the font (myFirstFont) through the font-family property:

Example

@font-face {
    font-family: myFirstFont;
    src: url(sansation_light.woff);
}

div {
    font-family: myFirstFont;
}
Try it yourself »

Using Bold Text

You must add another @font-face rule containing descriptors for bold text:

Example

@font-face {
    font-family: myFirstFont;
    src: url(sansation_bold.woff);
    font-weight: bold;
}
Try it yourself »

The file "sansation_bold.woff" is another font file, that contains the bold characters for the Sansation font.

browsers will use this whenever a piece of text with the font-family "myFirstFont" should render as bold.

this way you can have many @font-face rules for the same font.

CSS3 Font Descriptors

The following table lists all the font descriptors that can be defined inside the @font-face rule:

Descriptor Values Description
font-family name Required. Defines a name for the font
src URL Required. Defines the URL of the font file
font-stretch normal
condensed
ultra-condensed
extra-condensed
semi-condensed
expanded
semi-expanded
extra-expanded
ultra-expanded		 Optional. Defines how the font should be stretched. Default is "normal"
font-style normal
italic
oblique		 Optional. Defines how the font should be styled. Default is "normal"
font-weight normal
bold
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900		 Optional. Defines the boldness of the font. Default is "normal"
unicode-range unicode-range Optional. Defines the range of UNIcode characters the font supports. Default is "U+0-10FFFF"

 







CSS3 2D Transforms

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CSS3 transforms

CSS3 transforms allow you to translate, rotate, scale, and skew elements.

A transformation is an effect that lets an element change shape, size and position.

CSS3 supports both 2D and 3D transformations.

Mouse over the elements below to see the action of a 2D transformation:

2D rotate

Browser Support for 2D Transforms

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -ms-, -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specify the first version that worked with a prefix.

Property
transform 10.0
9.0 -ms-		 36.0
4.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.5 -moz-		 3.2 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
12.1
10.5 -o-
transform-origin
(two-value syntax)		 10.0
9.0 -ms-		 36.0
4.0 -webkit-		 16.0
3.5 -moz-		 3.2 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
12.1
10.5 -o-

CSS3 2D Transforms

In this chapter you will learn about the following 2D transformation methods:

Note Tip: You will learn about 3D transformations in the next chapter.

the translate() Method

translate

The translate() method moves an element from its current position (according to the parameters given for the X-axis and the Y-axis).

The following example moves the <div> element 50 pixels to the right, and 100 pixels down from its current position:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: translate(50px,100px); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: translate(50px,100px); /* Safari */
    transform: translate(50px,100px);
}
Try it yourself »

the rotate() Method

Rotate

The rotate() method rotates an element clockwise or counter- clockwise according to a given degree.

The following example rotates the <div> element clockwise with 20 degrees:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: rotate(20deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: rotate(20deg); /* Safari */
    transform: rotate(20deg);
}
Try it yourself »

Using negative values will rotate the element counter-clockwise.

The following example rotates the <div> element counter-clockwise with 20 degrees:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: rotate(-20deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: rotate(-20deg); /* Safari */
    transform: rotate(-20deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the scale() Method

Scale

The scale() method increases or decreases the size of an element (according to the parameters given for the width and height).

The following example increases the <div> element to be two times of its original width, and three times of its original height: 

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: scale(2,3); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: scale(2,3); /* Safari */
    transform: scale(2,3);
}
Try it yourself »

The following example decreases the <div> element to be half of its original width and height: 

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: scale(0.5,0.5); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: scale(0.5,0.5); /* Safari */
    transform: scale(0.5,0.5);
}
Try it yourself »

the skewX() Method

The skewX() method skews an element along the X-axis by the given angle.

The following example skews the <div> element 20 degrees along the X-axis:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: skewX(20deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: skewX(20deg); /* Safari */
    transform: skewX(20deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the skewY() Method

The skewY() method skews an element along the Y-axis by the given angle.

The following example skews the <div> element 20 degrees along the Y-axis:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: skewY(20deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: skewY(20deg); /* Safari */
    transform: skewY(20deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the skew() Method

The skew() method skews an element along the X and Y-axis by the given angles.

The following example skews the <div> element 20 degrees along the X-axis, and 10 degrees along the Y-axis:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: skew(20deg, 10deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: skew(20deg, 10deg); /* Safari */
    transform: skew(20deg, 10deg);
}
Try it yourself »

If the second parameter is not specified, it has a zero value. So, the following example skews the <div> element 20 degrees along the X-axis:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: skew(20deg); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: skew(20deg); /* Safari */
    transform: skew(20deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the matrix() Method

Rotate

The matrix() method combines all the 2D transform methods into one.

The matrix() method take six parameters, containing mathematic functions, which allows you to rotate, scale, move (translate), and skew elements:

Example

div {
    -ms-transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0); /* IE 9 */
    -webkit-transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0); /* Safari */
    transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0);
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 transform Properties

The following table lists all the 2D transform properties:

Property Description
transform Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element
transform-origin Allows you to change the position on transformed elements

2D transform Methods

Function Description
matrix(n,n,n,n,n,n) Defines a 2D transformation, using a matrix of six values
translate(x,y) Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the X- and the Y- axis
translateX(n) Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the X-axis
translateY(n) Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the Y-axis
scale(x,y) Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the elements width and height
scaleX(n) Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the element's width
scaleY(n) Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the element's height
rotate(angle) Defines a 2D rotation, the angle is specified in the parameter
skew(x-angle,y-angle) Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X- and the Y-axis
skewX(angle) Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X-axis
skewY(angle) Defines a 2D skew transformation along the Y-axis

 







CSS3 3D Transforms

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CSS3 3D Transforms

CSS3 allows you to format your elements using 3D transformations.

Mouse over the element below to see the difference in the transformation from the 2D transform:

3D rotate

Browser Support for 3D Transforms

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specify the first version that worked with a prefix.

Property
transform 10.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
transform-origin
(three-value syntax)		 10.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
transform-style 11.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
perspective 10.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
perspective-origin 10.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-
backface-visibility 10.0 36.0
12.0 -webkit-		 16.0
10.0 -moz-		 4.0 -webkit- 23.0
15.0 -webkit-

CSS3 3D Transforms

In this chapter you will learn about the following 3D transformation methods:

the rotateX() Method

Rotate X

The rotateX() method rotates an element around its X-axis at a given degree:

Example

div {
    -webkit-transform: rotateX(150deg); /* Safari */
    transform: rotateX(150deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the rotateY() Method

Rotate Y

The rotateY() method rotates an element around its Y-axis at a given degree:

Example

div {
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(130deg); /* Safari */
    transform: rotateY(130deg);
}
Try it yourself »

the rotateZ() Method

The rotateZ() method rotates an element around its Z-axis at a given degree:

Example

div {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(90deg); /* Safari */
    transform: rotateZ(90deg);
}
Try it yourself »

CSS3 transform Properties

The following table lists all the 3D transform properties:

Property Description
transform Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element
transform-origin Allows you to change the position on transformed elements
transform-style Specifies how nested elements are rendered in 3D space
perspective Specifies the perspective on how 3D elements are viewed
perspective-origin Specifies the bottom position of 3D elements
backface-visibility Defines whether or not an element should be visible when not facing the screen

3D transform Methods

Function Description
matrix3d
(n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n)		 Defines a 3D transformation, using a 4x4 matrix of 16 values
translate3d(x,y,z) Defines a 3D translation
translateX(x) Defines a 3D translation, using only the value for the X-axis
translateY(y) Defines a 3D translation, using only the value for the Y-axis
translateZ(z) Defines a 3D translation, using only the value for the Z-axis
scale3d(x,y,z) Defines a 3D scale transformation
scaleX(x) Defines a 3D scale transformation by giving a value for the X-axis
scaleY(y) Defines a 3D scale transformation by giving a value for the Y-axis
scaleZ(z) Defines a 3D scale transformation by giving a value for the Z-axis
rotate3d(x,y,z,angle) Defines a 3D rotation
rotateX(angle) Defines a 3D rotation along the X-axis
rotateY(angle) Defines a 3D rotation along the Y-axis
rotateZ(angle) Defines a 3D rotation along the Z-axis
perspective(n) Defines a perspective view for a 3D transformed element

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